Summary: The CPT1A p.A275T variant was not associated with obesity phenotypes; however, when fat intake is taken into account, associations were observed for BMI and waist circumference.

Summary: MRND was associated with higher BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids, while T alleles in rs1870377 were associated with higher blood lipids (p < 0.05). The interaction of MRND and rs1870377 had a borderline effect on blood HbA1c after adjusting for confounders(p = 0.057).

Summary: In contrast, high saturated fat intake was associated with a 1.6­fold increase among carriers of the APOE*4 variants together.

Summary: Among 12 variant allele-carriers there was no significant trend observed between dietary fat intake and BMI. Incontrast, intake of MUFA was not associated with BMI among homozygous wild-type womens but was inversely associated with BMI among 12Ala variant allele-carriers. The relationship between dietary fat intake and plasma lipid concentrations also differed according to PPARG genotype.

Summary: β2-AR G46A polymorphism is associated with increased BP responsiveness to the DASH diet and altered activation of the RAAS, which suggests that there is an interaction of this genotype with renin release.

Summary: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern, which is rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, lowers BP at normal concentrations of sodium intake. The DASH-Sodium study investigated the combined effects of sodium restriction and the DASH diet on BP in individuals with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension.

Summary: The intake of alcohol did not vary in relation to ADH1C genotypes. BMI,WC, waist-to-hip ratio,blood pressure,HDL or total cholesterol, triglycerides and FVII:ag levels were positively associated with alcohol intake in men (multivariate ANOVA). Regression coefficient for alcohol and BMI or WC was progressively higher in heterozygotes and gamma 2 homozygotes as compared to gamma 1 homozygotes (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03 for interaction, respectively). No interaction was found for other risk factors. In women, alcohol intake was positively associated with HDL, LDL and FVII:ag levels but no interaction was found between ADH1C polymorphism and any risk factor.

Summary: This polymorphism modified the effect of moderate-to-vigorous PA on changes in weight and waist circumference.

Summary: Carriers of the 347Ser allele presented a greater decrease in total cholesterol, and apo B levels when they were switched from the SFA to the NCEP type 1 diet. The change from the NCEP type 1 to the MUFA diet resulted in a greater increase in total cholesterol and apo B levels in the 347Ser than in the 347Thr individuals.

Summary: A significant interaction between saturated fat intake and apoA-IV phenotype was found for HDL cholesterol (P < .0003) and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (P < .003). Increased saturated fat intake (13.6% versus 8.6% of calories) was significantly associated with 6% higher HDL cholesterol and no change (0.7%) in LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio in apoA-IV-1 homozygotes and with 19% lower HDL cholesterol and 37% higher LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio among carriers of the apoA-IV-2 allele. Smokers (/ or = 1 cigarette per day) had significantly lower HDL cholesterol (P < .005) and apoA-I (P < .01) concentrations than nonsmokers (< 1 cigarette per day), particularly among carriers of the apoA-IV-2 allele (-19% and -13%) compared with apoA-IV-1 (-4% for both).

Summary: Switching from this diet to the loe fat (NCEP-I) diet, carriers of the 360His allele presented a greater decrease in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (-10 vs. -1 mg/dL, P < 0.004) and apoA-I levels (-19 vs. -8 mg/dL, P < 0.037)

Summary: The APOA4-2 allele was associated with marginally significantly lower (P=0.049) low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and significantly lower (P=0.027) apoB levels independent of diet effects. After consuming an NCEP-I diet, carriers of the APOA4-2 allele showed a significantly lower reduction in apoB concentration (6.2%) than 1/1 subjects (14.1%; P=0.036); however, no significant differences in response were noted for LDL cholesterol.

Summary: Control subjects who were carriers of His360 had lower BMIs (P = 0.04), cholesterol and TG concentrations (both P < or = 0.07) compared to non-carriers, but these effects were not seen in the cases. After consumption of an oral fat load, carriers of His360 who were most obese (subjects in the third tertile of BMI) had significantly reduced postprandial lipemia (P < 0.03, as assessed by area under the curve).

Summary: Apo AIV Q/H individuals (n=6) showed a three-fold greater change in dense LDL cholesterol unadjusted for Lp(a) levels than Q/Q individuals (0.46+/-0.27 versus 0.12+/-0.31 mmol/L, p=0.02). The greater decrease in dense LDL cholesterol with an increase in polyunsaturated fat seen in those with the apo AIV H360 variant.

Summary: The 584A --/ G polymorphism modified the association between lycopene and BAP (p< 0.05 for interaction). Additionally, in participants with the 584GG genotype, high serum lycopene was associated with high TBA-reactive substances (p ! 0.05).

Summary: The mean LDL-C reduction was 13% in men (n = 93) and 7% in postmenopausal women (n = 60). The effect of apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV phenotype on responsiveness was examined. LDL-C lowering in men was significantly (P < .005) less (7%) for 17 apoA-IV (1/2) subjects than for 76 apoA-IV (1/1) subjects (16%). In women, 7% lowering was observed in both 12 apoA-IV (1/2) subjects and 48 apoA-IV (1/1) subjects.

Summary: In this nested case-control study carried out on a Mediterranean population, the study has found a strong association between the APOE polymorphism and LDL-C concentrations as well as a dietary modulation in determining CHD risk. In addition to their lower LDL-C concentrations, E2 carriers have a lower incidence of CHD than E3/E3 subjects, with the greater CHD risk in E4 carriers not reaching the statistical significance compared to E3/E3, although it does so in comparison with E2 carriers. Moreover, the study has observed that saturated fat intake modulates CHD risk in such a way that in the lower consumption stratum (<10% of energy), the genetic effect was not observed, whereas in the higher consumption stratum, the differences in CHD risk between E2 and E4 carriers were magnified. The results also suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be more favorable in E2 carriers both on plasma lipids and CHD risk.

Summary: In this nested case-control study carried out on a Mediterranean population, the team has found a strong association between the APOE polymorphism and LDL-C concentrations as well as a dietary modulation in determining CHD risk. In addition to their lower LDL-C concentrations, E2 carriers have a lower incidence of CHD than E3/E3 subjects, with the greater CHD risk in E4 carriers not reaching the statistical significance compared to E3/E3, although it does so in comparison with E2 carriers. Moreover, the study has observed that saturated fat intake modulates CHD risk in such a way that in the lower consumption stratum (<10% of energy), the genetic effect was not observed, whereas in the higher consumption stratum, the differences in CHD risk between E2 and E4 carriers were magnified. The results also suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be more favorable in E2 carriers both on plasma lipids and CHD risk.

Summary: Dietary fats in percentages of energy intakes, total fat and Polyunsaturated Fats were significantly higher for carriers of the Ala12 allele (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). For PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism, significant gene-obesity interaction effects on total fat (p = 0.02), saturated fat (p = 0.03) and monounsaturated fat (p = 0.02) intakes were observed. Obese participants carrying the Ala12 allele had significantly higher intakes of total fat (p = 0.002), saturated fat (p = 0.006) and monounsaturated fat (p = 0.004) in grams.

Summary: For African Americans, reduced risk of colon cancer was observed for never drinkers with the SHMT CC genotype, and for ever drinkers with the SHMT TT genotype, although neither of these associations was statistically significant.

Summary: Highly significant associations between sodium and blood pressure were shown for all genotypes, but the regression coefficient for systolic blood pressure associated with each unit of sodium for each of the MT and TT genotypes was approximately double that for the MM homozygotes. Differences were evident at high exposures to sodium but not at low exposures. There were no significant associations between blood pressure and dietary or urinary potassium.

Summary: Individuals with CC genotype (homozygous for minor allele) have lower homocysteine levels than the AA genotype.Because the liver has a major role in homocysteine metabolism, this polymorphism could potentially play a vital role in maintaining the levels of homocysteine in circulation.

Summary: SNP in the coding region of the choline dehydrogenase gene had a protective effect on susceptibility to developing organ dysfunction when fed a low choline diet in all subjects who carried the C allele. No significant differences were found when the participants were grouped by gender or menopausal status.

Summary: Significant gene-sex interaction effects were observed for FASN Val1483Ile on total fat (p = 0.02) and saturated fat (p = 0.002) intakes as well as for the P/S ratio (p = 0.02). women carrying the Ile1483 allele had lower intakes of saturated fat, and at the opposite, men carrying the Ile1483 allele had higher intakes of saturated fat.

Summary: Genotype × supplementation interaction effects on plasma TG levels were observed for rs2792751 in GPAM (p<0.05).

Summary: Weight loss is associated with different changes, depending on the FABP2 genotype. Carriers of Thr54 allele have a different response than wild-type obese carriers, with a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure and glucose levels in Thr54 carriers and a significant decrease in fat mass and LDL cholesterol and leptin levels in wild-type patients.

Summary: Thr54 carriers were less likely to have normal glucose tolerance (P=0.05) and had higher fasting glucose concentrations (P=0.003) than did Ala54 homozygotes.

Summary: The study found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0–1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.6; Val/Ala + Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.3). In addition, we found that the MnSOD Ala-9Ala genotype contributed to an increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women who had low consumption of antioxidants (Ala/Ala versus Val/Ala + Val/Val: OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0–6.4 with low vitamin C consumption; OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.3–3.4 with low vitamin E consumption and OR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.5–5.7 with low carotenoid consumption).

Summary: Carriers of the 1/2 genotype had a trend toward higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol (P < 0.11) after the SFA–rich diet than did those who were homozygous for 1/1. Carriers of the mutation showed a significantly greater decrease in LDL-cholesterol concentrations (23%) in changing from an SFA–rich diet to a Cho–rich diet than did noncarriers of the mutation (16%)

Summary: The total magnesium intake is linked to a significantly lower risk of colorectal adenoma in both men and women and particularly in those with a low Ca:Mg intake and a high vitamin D intake. Likewise, total calcium intake may be associated with a lower risk of adenoma only when vitamin D intake is high and the Ca:Mg intake is low.

Summary: This polymorphism modified the effect of total PA on change in blood pressure.

Summary: The p-value for association was substantially improved by inclusion of environmental covariates: SNP rs5400 (pSE,unadjusted = 3.661025, pSE,adjusted = 2.261026, pNS,unadjusted = 0.047) in the SLC2A2 (Glucose transporter type 2). This showed evidence of association with total cholesterol. These results demonstrate that inclusion of important environmental factors in the analysis model can reveal new genetic susceptibility.

Summary: The independent effects of the supplementation, genotypes of selected SNPs with the genes involved in TG synthesis pathway and the genotype × supplementation interaction on plasma TG levels were tested.

Summary: GSTP1 Val/Val genotype was significantly associated with greater breast cancer risk (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.99). The association was significantly greater in premenopausal women (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.43) than in postmenopausal women (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.92). Total cruciferous vegetable intake was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk, although subjects reporting greater turnip (P for trend < 0.001) and Chinese cabbage (P for trend = 0.049) intakes had a significantly lower postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Women with the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype and low cruciferous vegetable intake had a breast cancer risk 1.74-fold (95% CI: 1.13, 2.67) that of women with the Ile/Ile or Ile/Val genotype. This effect of low cruciferous vegetable intake and the Val/Val genotype was seen predominantly among premenopausal women (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.20, 3.59).

Summary: The results showed a statistically signi�cant interaction between the GPX1 Pro 198 Leu polymorphism and alcohol consumption, with a higher risk for colorectal cancer among homozygous carriers of the GPX1 Pro198Leu variant allele, but virtually no effect of alcohol consumption among carriers of the wild type allele Additionally, the results indicated an interaction between smoking and the GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, as being an ever smoker at enrolment was associated with borderline statistically signi�cantly higher risk for colorectal cancer only among homozygous carriers of the variant allele. A statistically significant interaction was observed between the polymorphism and intake of vitamin C from diet with a lower risk of colorectal cancer only among the homozygous carriers of the GPX1 Pro wild type allele.

Summary: No significant differences in terms of Body Mass Index, Total Body Fat, waist circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio were found between the genotypes (p<0.05). Only aversions to green tea, mayonnaise and whipped cream, but not soy products, vegetables, and other sweet/fat foods, were associated with the P49A genotypes (p<0.05).

Summary: Diets high in marine n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatss might increase risk for rectal cancer among subjects who have less efficient PARP function. The PARP Val762Ala SNP modified the association between marine n–3 Polyunsaturated Fats and rectal cancer risk, with no evidence of interaction among colon cancer (heterogeneity test p = 0.003). Results suggest a positive association between high intake of marine n–3 Polyunsaturated Fats and rectal cancer risk among carriers of at least one PARP codon 762 Ala allele (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–2.7).

Summary: A statistically significant interaction was noted between the V227A polymorphism, dietary Polyunsaturated Fats intake and serum HDL cholesterol in Chinese women (p = 0.049). In women who carried the A227 allele, increasing dietary polyunsaturated fats intake was associated with lower serum HDL-C concentration. This association was much weaker in those who were homozygous for the V227 allele.

Summary: After a saturated diet, RR homozygotes had greater concentrations of FVII Ag compared with mediterranean and carbohydrate diets than did carriers of the minority Q allele. The 5'FVII polymorphism behaved in a similar fashion .

Summary: APOA5 S19W was associated with plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.044); minor allele carriers had lower HDL-C [1.12+/-0.03 (mean+/-SE)] than those with the common variant (1.18+/-0.01 mmol/L), even after adjustment for plasma triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.012). This polymorphism was not associated with TG or other lipids. APOA5 S19W interacted with total fat intake in association with systolic (P = 0.002) and diastolic (P = 0.007) blood pressure.

Summary: The association between p.E531K variants within the CPT1B gene and obesity phenotypes was observed particularly in subjects consuming a high-fat diet, suggesting that this association might not be observed in populations where fat intake is low

Summary: Homozygosity for the MTHFD1 1958G→A genetic variant (i.e., 1958AA genotype) resulted in a greater increase (P=0.086) in plasma total homocysteine relative to the 1958GA (P=0.033) and 1958GG (P=0.085) genotypes. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the MTHFD1 1958G→A SNP reduces the production of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate which in turn may lower 5-methyl-THF and impair remethylation of homocysteine to methionine

Summary: A trend for lower fasting TG and large-TRL TG was found in minor allele carriers compared to major allele homozygotes (p=0.056 and p=0.070 respectively). The study has not foundnd other significant differences in the postprandial lipid metabolism.

Summary: The MTHFR genotype was not significantly more prevalent in patients than in controls, and markedly contributed to Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Total fasting plasma homocysteine was negatively correlated to folate and vitamin B12 levels. However, folate was similar in patients and controls and vitamin B12 was higher in patients.

Summary: Homocysteine concentrations were higher in persons carrying minor allele. The Mediterranean diet score was not significantly associated with homocysteine concentrations. However, after control for potential confounders, the stratified analysis showed that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced homocysteine concentrations in persons with the TT and CT genotypes but not in those with the CC genotype.

Summary: In the patient group there was a significant relationship between TT genotype and homocysteine concentration after we controlled for other risk factors. Controlling for serum folate weakened this relationship, and folate itself was independently related to serum homocysteine. There was no difference between patients and control subjects in either TT genotype frequency or T allele frequency. There was no association when analysis was limited to individuals deficient in folate or to younger individuals. There was no association between TT genotype and any stroke subtype or with degree of carotid stenosis.

Summary: Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower ox-LDL concentrations only in MTHFR T-allele carriers, but not in CC homozygotes.

Summary: An inverse relationship was observed between changes in Total homocysteine and changes in the intake of beer in TT individuals but not in CC/CT individuals. In addition, changes in Total homocysteine were positively associated with changes in several biological risk factors, such as waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (P<0.01). The association between waist circumference and MTHFR genotype seemed stronger in TT individuals than in CC/CT individuals.

Summary: In MTHFR C677T polymorphism, the amino acid alanine is changed to valine making this enzyme thermolabile. The homozygous variant (TT) reduces the enzyme activity by 68% thereby decreasing the conversion of methylene tetrahydrofolate to methyl tetrahydrofolate (a substrate that converts homocysteine to methionine), resulting in intracellular accumulation of homocysteine.

Summary: Supplementation with folic acid led to a significant reduction in tHcy levels. The mean tHcy changed from 12.14 to 10.42 micromol/l after supplementation (p<10* –5 ). Moreover, the change in tHcy levels was highly heritable (64%),not associated with the C677T functional variant at MTHFR and not confounded by age, BMI or diet. The results highlight the need to identify genetic factors associated with biomarkers of response to folate supplementation.

Summary: Anthropometric, biochemical, and OS parameters, and antioxidant dietary intake data were assessed using validated procedures. Genotype of seven polymorphisms from genes involved in OS (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) were analyzed using the SNPlex system. The effects of polymorphism on promoter activity and thus thioredoxin (TXN) activity were examined using reporter assays

Summary: The MTHFR A1298C polymorphism is significantly associated with homocysteine levels, and that the CC genotype is present at a higher frequency in the Indian population, makes it extremely relevant in terms of its potential impact on hyperhomocysteinemia.

Summary: The Hcy-increasing allele score was positively associated with plasma Hcy levels in both T2DM patients and healthy subjects (r = 0.171 and 0.247, respectively). Subjects with the genotype CC of MTHFR (rs1801131) had a significantly higher likelihood of T2DM compared with subjects with the AA or AA+AC genotypes (OR = 1.93 for CC vs. AA, p = 0.041; OR = 3.13 for CC vs. AA+AC, p = 0.017, respectively).

Summary: Anthropometric, biochemical, and OS parameters, and antioxidant dietary intake data were assessed using validated procedures. Genotype of seven polymorphisms from genes involved in OS (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) were analyzed using the SNPlex system. The effects of polymorphism on promoter activity and thus thioredoxin (TXN) activity were examined using reporter assays

Summary: SNP was associated with plasma homocysteine levels

Summary: Individuals with CC genotype (homozygous for minor allele) have lower homocysteine levels than the AA genotype.Because the liver has a major role in homocysteine metabolism, this polymorphism could potentially play a vital role in maintaining the levels of homocysteine in circulation.

Summary: Two months of caloric restriction with these diets significantly reduced BMI, weight, waist circumference, fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressures in obese patients. The study shows that carriers of the Thr54-containing protein have a different response than wild-type obese. Both diets decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels in the wild-type obese without statistical differences in carriers of the Thr54-containing protein. Glucose levels decreased with a low carbohydrate diet, too. Changes in serum leptin concentrations secondary to intervention were higher with low-fat diet than low-carbohydrate diet.

Summary: In wild-type group (responders and nonresponders), BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference decreased. In mutant group, BMI, weight and waist circumference decreased. No differences were detected between basal values in both groups. Only leptin levels decreased significantly in wild-type group (11.5%; p<0.05) (57.3+/-31.5 ng/mL vs. 45.8 29.3 ng/mL; p<0.05). In mutant group, leptin increased without statistical differences (0.44%; ns).

Summary: The CHDH minor T allele was also associated with an increased risk (OR: 1.19; 95% CI:1.00 –1.41) compared with the major G allele.

Summary: The study indicates that the GPx1 rs1050450 minor allele T carries a significant risk for prostate cancer. This allele was also associated with an increased GPx activity among those with prostate cancer.

Summary: Lp-PLA2 genotype is associated with body composition. In healthy young men exposed to prolonged rigorous exercise. The study proposed a novel role for PLA2 in the development of obesity, and by its association Cardiovascular disease.

Summary: The 172T--/A polymorphism modified the association between lycopene and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) (p<0.05 for interaction). In the 172TT genotype, high serum lycopene was associated with decreased NTx (p<0.05).

Summary: Consumption of orange and blackcurrant juice and vitamin E supplement does not affect the activity of PON1 in patients with peripheral arterial disease. However, a gene-diet interaction may be present.

Summary: Elderly men (/or=50 years) carrying 482Ser had an increased risk of obesity compared with subjects who were homozygous for the wild-type allele (odds ratio [OR]=1.99, 95% CI 1.14-3.47, p=0.015). The risk was restricted to men with a low leisure-time physical activity level, and was significantly weaker (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.87, p=0.018) for the homozygous 482Gly carriers among this subgroup. No association with obesity was found in elderly men with a high level of physical activity, in younger men, or in women of any age group or level of physical activity.

Summary: High oleic acid intake was associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels and PON1 activity only in subjects with the QR and the RR genotypes, respectively. Analyses of the variance showed a statistically significant interaction between PON1-192 genotypes and oleic acid intake for log PON1 activity (P=0.005) and a marginally significant interaction for HDL cholesterol (P=0.066).

Summary: The 584 A/G polymorphism modified the association between lycopene and BAP (p<0.05 for interaction). Additionally, in participants with the 584GG genotype, high serum lycopene was associated with high TBA-reactive substances (p<0.05).

Summary: At baseline, lag time was higher in minor allele carriers. Neither tomato nor carrot juice consumption had signi�cant effects on PON1 activity. However, tomato juice consumption reduced plasma malondialdehyde in minors. Carrot juice had no signi�cant effect on malondialdehyde irrespective of the PON1-192 genotype. Male volunteers with the QR/RR genotype showed an increased lipid peroxidation at baseline.

Summary: The changes in antioxidant status after tomato juice consumption seem to depend on the PON1–192 genotype. Healthy elderly, carrying the R-allele, could specificly reduce their higher cardiovascular risk by changing dietary habits.

Summary: The mean plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations were lower after the high vegetable diet period than after the low vegetable diet period. Also, the serum PON1 activity was lower after the high vegetable compared with the low vegetable diet period.

Summary: No statistical heterogeneity of the effects by sex (P =0.2) was found; thus, men and women were analyzed together. Significant interactions were observed between the genotype at the PPARA locus and dietary Polyunsaturated Fats intake in the determination of serum TG (P=0.048) and apoC-III (P=0.01) concentrations. In both instances, those with the 162V allele had lower concentrations of TG and apoC-III with higher intake of Polyunsaturated Fats. In contrast, among homozygotes for the 162L allele, Polyunsaturated Fats intake did not decrease either TG or apoC-III concentrations.

Summary: PPARA is involved in the homeostasis of lipids in the fasting state as well as during the acute postprandial response to dietary fat. The minor allele carriers displayed lower mean concentrations of TG and cholesterol throughout the postprandial period. These data suggest that PPARA variants may modulate the risk of Cardiovascular disease by influencing both fasting and postprandial lipid.

Summary: After the high-P:S diet, a significant gene-by-diet interaction was observed for changes in plasma total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and cholesterol concentrations in small LDL particles (P

Summary: At baseline, PPARA Leu162Val * PPARG Pro12Ala genotype interaction did not significantly influence plasma lipid concentrations. After dietary intervention, gene-gene interaction significantly influenced LDL cholesterol (p = 0.0002) and small dense LDL as a proportion of LDL (p = 0.005) after adjustments.

Summary: Following n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats supplementation, plasma TAG concentrations of minor allele carriers of rs1799983 were considerably more responsive to changes in plasma n-3 polyunsaturated Fats, than major allele homozygotes.

Summary: Effects of interaction between n-3 PUFA supplementation and genotype were observed. All associations remained significant after further adjustments for changes in carbohydrate, protein and saturated fat intakes and for changes in PUFA levels in plasma phospholipids.

Summary: The Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism interacted with Polyunsaturated Fats intake on myocardial infarction. The protective effect of Polyunsaturated Fats intake was attenuated in carriers of the Ala12 allele. OR (95% CI) for myocardial infarction per each 5% increase in energy from polyunsaturated fat were 0.66 (0.53, 0.82) in Pro12/Pro12 subjects and 0.93 (0.61, 1.42) in carriers of the Ala12 allele.

Summary: In men, there was a significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and plasma docosahexaenoic acid on fasting free fatty acid concentration (P=0.036), and genotype-stratified models showed an inverse association in Pro homozygotes only (P=0.028). In women, the proportion of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in Ala-allele carriers compared to Pro homozygotes (1.67 vs 1.44% respectively, P=0.006). A significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and fish intake on 2-h glucose was found in women (P=0.021), and genotype-stratified models suggested an inverse association in Ala-allele carriers only (P=0.039).

Summary: Among Pro allele homozygotes, there was no interaction between PAL and P:S ratio on fasting insulin (P =.929). However, in carriers of the Ala allele the association of P:S ratio with fasting insulin was modified by activity level (interaction P = 0.038). In those who were inactive and carried the Ala allele, the age-, sex-, and body mass-adjusted relationship between P:S ratio and log insulin was not significant (beta = -0.03, P =.93). In contrast, in physically active Ala carriers, the association of P:S ratio with log fasting insulin was highly significant (beta = -0.93, P =.004).

Summary: The results of the study showed that carriers of the 12Ala allele allocated to the control group had a statistically significant higher change in waist circumference (adjusted difference coefficient=2·37 cm; P=0·014) compared with wild-type subjects after 2 years of nutritional intervention.This adverse effect was not observed among 12Ala carriers allocated to both Mediterranean diet groups. In diabetic patients a statistically significant interaction between Mediterranean diet and the 12Ala allele regarding waist circumference change was observed (25·85 cm; P=0·003).

Summary: The fasting insulin concentration was negatively associated with the P:S ratio (P = 0.0119) after adjustment for age and sex, and a strong interaction was evident between the P:S ratio and the Pro12Ala polymorphism for both BMI (P = 0.0038) and fasting insulin (P = 0.0097).

Summary: At baseline, the PPARG Ala12 allele was associated with increased plasma total cholesterol (n = 378; p = 0.04), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.05) and apoB (p = 0.05) after adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity.

Summary: Homocysteine levels associated with CHD is highly responsive to riboflavin, specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype

Summary: The level of low-intensity physical activity was higher in the carriers of the CC genotype of rs5400 in SLC2A2 at baseline than in the carriers of the T allele (4.7+/- 5.1 vs. 4.0+/-5.0 h/wk, P=0.020).

Summary: Major allele carrier showed significant senstivity to salt solution than the minor allele carriers.

Summary: In contrast, high saturated fat intake was associated with a 2.2­fold increased risk of MI among carriers of APOE*2

Summary: In the study an association was demonstrated between PROP sensitivity and the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2274333 ( + 292A/G) within a coding sequence of the gustin/carbonic anhydrase VI gene.

Summary: Homozygosity for the PEMT 5465G→A genetic variant (i.e., 5465AA genotype) was associated with a greater increase (P=0.001) in total plasma homocysteine. The concentrations relative to G allele carriers; an effect opposite our initial hypothesis which predicted that PEMT deficiency (i.e., the PEMT 5465AA genotype) would decrease the production of homocysteine and thus attenuate the rise in homocysteine.

Summary: Minor allele carriers had significantly greater HDL-C and lower TG than non-carriers. In all participants, carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with TG, whereas TF, SF, and MUFA showed opposite associations with TG and HDL-C. These relations were uniform between sex-specific genotype groups, with one exception. In men, but not women, the inverse association between carbohydrate and HDL-C was stronger in minor allele carriers than non-carriers.